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[1]Jin-Zhong Wu, Yuan-Bin Zheng,
Ti-Qiang Chen, et al. 2007. Evaluation of the
quality of lotus seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn from outer space
mutation[J].
Food Chemistry,
105( 2)
540- 547
Abstract: Lotus
seeds from outer space mutation, named as No. 36 space lotus seed, have been
used for 6 years in Jianou country, Fujian province, China and compared to the
native counterpart. The proximate composition (ash, moisture, protein, lipid,
alcohol extract, 100-seed weight, carbohydrate) and nutritional components
(amino acids, vitamins B1, B2, B6, C, E, phospholipids) of No. 36 space lotus
seed and native lotus seed embryos were compared. The results indicate
that the profiles of proximate composition and nutritional components of No. 36
space lotus seed and native lotus seed embryos were similar; however, most
chemical contents were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the former. This
result was also confirmed by the HPLC fingerprint. The quality of No. 36 space
lotus seed was better than that of native lotus seed and the results
support the use of this seed as a food and a herbal medicine product.
Keywords: Nelumbo nucifera; Outer
space mutation; Lotus seed; Evaluation of the quality
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【中文摘要】 |
采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同采收时期(早、中、晚)的单叶蔓荆子挥发油，得率分别为0.35 %、0.41 %和0.39 %；气相色谱-质谱联用分析结果表明：从3种采收期蔓荆子挥发油中分别分离鉴定得到19种、22种和29种成分；虽然仅有5种相同成分：桉油精(1,8-环氧对薄荷烷)、反式-水合桧烯、β-葑基乙醇、β-荜澄茄油烯和t -萘醇等（在早、中、晚期样中这5种成分的总质量分数分别为13.778 %、12.871 %和15.097 %），但主体成分均为单萜及倍半萜类化合物（3个时期样中的总量分别为99.6 %、90.2 %和94.1 %）。不同采收期的蔓荆子挥发油主要成分各有特征：早期呈高蒎烷型，中期呈高乙酰氧基-对-薄荷烷型，晚期呈高对-薄荷烷(二烯)型；具代表性的首要成分分别为a-蒎烯(34.994 %)、1-乙酰氧基-对-薄荷烷-4(8)-烯(63.943 %)和dl-柠檬烯(31.819 %，4-薄荷烷-1,8-二烯)。早期挥发油中相对含量较高的还有1-乙酰氧基-对-薄荷烷-4(8)-烯(22.972 %)、β-水芹烯(10.753 %)、1,8-桉油精(8.151 %)和桧烯(7.842 %)等，而晚期有β-蒎烯(15.798 %)、b-石竹烯 (10.043 %)和1,8-桉油精(5.927 %)。此外，中期出现4种脂肪族化合物(占总质量分数6.08 %)；晚期不含有1-乙酰氧基-对-薄荷烷-4(8)-烯，而出现一些沸点较高的三环倍半萜类如δ-古芸烯(3.584 %)、β-荜澄茄油烯(6.774 %)。 |
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【Key Word】 |
(Jian)indigo naturalis; micromorphology; element composition; ICP-AES，X-ray EDS; infrared spectra |
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【ABSTRACT】 |
(Jian)Indigo naturals is a kind of authentic and superior chinese medicinal materials, its original plant is Baphicacanthus cusla (Nces)Bremek, produced in Xianyou county of Fujian. In this paper, micro-morphology of (Jian) indigo naturals observed by the electron probe, show as mineralold micro-particle with 10~100 μm granularity. By X-ray EDS(energy dispersive spectroscopy), it showed that the elemnets composition were oppositely steady, consisted of Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ca, Mn and Fe, and with a characteristic principal element Ca (relative contents is 76.9~82.6%). The contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, K, Li and Mn were respectively 332.5 mg/g (33.25%), 39.7 mg/g(3.97%), 7.7mg/g(0.77%), 5.4 mg/g(0.54%), 1.9 mg/g(0.19%) and 1.4 mg/g(0.14%), analysed by ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma_atomic emission spectgrometry)．(Jian)Indigo naturalis was showed specific infrared spectroscopy, with an characteristic absorption band of CO32- at 1460.80 cm-1(1461.28 cm-1)，moreover,obvious absorb peak were also steadily appeared at 873.75 cm-1(873.97 cm-1) and 3422.92cm-13434.38 cm-1. |
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【中文摘要】 |
建青黛为一种道地药材，其原植物为马蓝Baphicacanthus cusla (Nces)Bremek。本研究电子探针显微观察表明建青黛呈矿质状微粉未，颗粒的粒径约为10~100μm；X-射线能谱扫描分析(X-ray EDS)结果表明：青黛的元素构成(Mg,Al, Si, P, S, Ca, Mn,Fe)是相对稳定和有特征性的，主体元素为Ca(相对含量达76.9~82.6%)。电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分析结果表明：其钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、钾(K)、锂(Li)和锰(Mn)等元素含量含量分别为33.25%、3.97%、0.77%、0.54%、0.19%和0.14%。建青黛呈现特定的红外光谱图谱，并具有相对稳定的碳酸根特征性强吸收峰(1460.80 cm-1~1461.28 cm-1)，在873.75 cm-1~873.97 cm-1处均有一较强的吸收峰，3422.92cm-13434.38 cm-1处也均有一较宽的吸收峰。 |
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【Key Word】 |
(Jian)indigo naturalis; micromorphology; element composition; ICP-AES，X-ray EDS; infrared spectra |
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【ABSTRACT】 |
(Jian)Indigo naturals is a kind of authentic and superior chinese medicinal materials, its original plant is Baphicacanthus cusla (Nces)Bremek, produced in Xianyou county of Fujian. In this paper, micro-morphology of (Jian) indigo naturals observed by the electron probe, show as mineralold micro-particle with 10~100 μm granularity. By X-ray EDS(energy dispersive spectroscopy), it showed that the elemnets composition were oppositely steady, consisted of Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ca, Mn and Fe, and with a characteristic principal element Ca (relative contents is 76.9~82.6%). The contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, K, Li and Mn were respectively 332.5 mg/g (33.25%), 39.7 mg/g(3.97%), 7.7mg/g(0.77%), 5.4 mg/g(0.54%), 1.9 mg/g(0.19%) and 1.4 mg/g(0.14%), analysed by ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma_atomic emission spectgrometry)．(Jian)Indigo naturalis was showed specific infrared spectroscopy, with an characteristic absorption band of CO32- at 1460.80 cm-1(1461.28 cm-1)，moreover,obvious absorb peak were also steadily appeared at 873.75 cm-1(873.97 cm-1) and 3422.92cm-13434.38 cm-1. |
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【中文摘要】 |
将紫芝Ganoderma sinense(“闽紫96”，HMAS 77207，阔叶树枝桠材或边材栽培)超微粉碎加工成500目的子实体超细粉。激光粒度分析表明：紫芝超细粉的表面积到834.18m~2/kg，中位径(D50)为12.68μm。气质联用分析结果表明 ：从紫芝超细粉挥发油中分离到35种成分，出峰时间为7.872～30.239min，确定了其中32个成分，占相对含量的88.642%；绝大多数成分为脂肪族化合物(67.216%)，主要成分(20.67%)为2,6-二叔丁基一苯酚为芳香族化合物，还检出2种杂环族化合物。 |
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【Key Word】 |
Ganoderma sinense; ultra-fine powder; esstional oil; chemical component; |
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【ABSTRACT】 |
The fruitbodies of Ganoderma sinense (“Minzi 96” strain, HAMS 77207, cultivated with laburnum or branches of broadleaf tree) were processed into ultrafine-powder that sifted through Φ500 R40/3 sieve. And the granularity were tested by laser grain-size analysis, that specific surface area (BET)was 834.18m2/kg, and the cumulative distribution data D50 was 12.68μm(equivalent grain-size). 35 compositions of total essential oil from the ultrafine-powder were separated and identified by GC-MS, retention time arranged from 7.872 min to 30.239min. The results indicated that 32 compounds were determinated, and their relative contents were about 88.64%, most of the compounds belong to aliphatic compounds (67.216%), and the main constituent with highest relative content (20.67%) have been identified as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol(aromatics compounds), moreover ,1 compound of heterocyclics was also checked out.. |
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【中文摘要】 |
采用日立L8800全自动高速氨基酸分析仪，从福建柘荣产太子参中检出18种氨基酸，全氨基酸总量为77.7 g·kg-1，其中精氨酸(Arg)含量高达20.8g·kg-1；此外，还发现太子参中含有丰富的γ-氨基丁酸，高达16.5 g·kg-1。此外，采用RT-HPLC(柱前衍生-反相液相色谱分离)检测含量为2.05 mg·100mg-1，验证了HPCEC(离子交换色谱分离-柱后衍生法)氨基酸自动分析结果。 |
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【Key Word】 |
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【ABSTRACT】 |
18 kinds amino acids were checked out from the radix pseudostellariae(Pseudostellaria heterophylla) that produced in Fujian province Zherong county, being determined by HITACHI L8800 model HIGH SPEED AMINO ACID ANALYZER. The contents of full amino acids was 77.7 g·kg-1, and arginine(Arg) was high up to 20.8 g·kg-1. Moreover, γ-Amino butyric acid(GABA) in the radix pseudostellariae were higher upto 16.5 g·kg-1. Moreover, the content of arginine was validated by RT-HPLC(with pre-column derivatization), as a value of 2.05 mg·100mg-1, and the accuracy of HPCEC(high performance cation-exchange chromatography with post-colum derivation) analysis was verified. |
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【中文摘要】 |
采用扫描电子显微镜观察比较原木灵芝孢子超微粉碎后的破壁形态，应用超临界CO2流体萃取技术从破壁孢子粉中提取分离孢子挥发油。气相色谱-质谱联用分析其组分，结果表明超微粉碎后超临界萃取得到的灵芝孢子挥发油化学成分较为丰富。分离得到29个峰，共鉴定出4类25种成分，脂肪类17种，萜类3种，芳香类2种，杂环类3种；有些成分如a-愈创烯（倍半萜）、t-杜松烯（单萜）等均首次发现于灵芝孢子；此外，1,3,5-环庚三烯、(1a,2b,4a,5b)-四氢-3-氧杂三环辛烷及2-氯-乙基岩芹酸酯等稀有脂肪类化合物也是首次从灵芝孢子中检出。 |
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【Key Word】 |
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【ABSTRACT】 |
In this paper, spores of log-cultivated Ganoderma lucidum were superfine-pulverizated before supercritical CO2 fluid extraction(SFE-CO2), the morphological character of intact spores and sporeoderm-cracking spores were observed and compared with spores’ residue after SFE-CO2 by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Spores essential oil was extracted from sporeoderm-cracking spores by SFE-CO2. Analysis results showed that the oil’s chemical component of spores of G.lucidum, extracted by supercritical CO2 after sporeoderm-cracking, were multiplicate. 25 compounds were identified in 28 peaks by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and were classified 4 kinds, such as lipids(17 compounds), terpenes(3 compounds), aromatics(2 compunds) and heterocyclics(3 compounds) . Some compounds, such as t-cadinene,a-guaiene, etc. were first isolated from spores of G. lucidum. |
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【中文摘要】 |
由福建野生紫芝人工驯化得到的栽培菌株“闽紫96”，子实体中型，菌盖大小7–9 cm×10–17.3 cm，其担孢子形态饱满，6.84~7.37μm×10.26~11.05μm，较灵芝担孢子大；标本(HMAS 77207)经鉴定确认为紫芝Ganoderma sinense J.D.Zhao,L.W.Hsu et X.Q.Zhng，是符合《中国药典》规定的灵芝药材的来源菌物。2004~2005年，采用阔叶树枝桠材栽培“闽紫96”，推广栽培量860 m3(菌材)，平均年产量为12.70 kg·m-3(干品/菌材)。将“闽紫96”子实体超微粉碎加工成300目超细粉。扫描电镜观察可见：其超细粉呈纤维状，以分散、破碎的菌丝片段形态存在，长度范围为10 μm~50 μm，直径1.2 μm~4.5 μm不等；激光粒度检测结果表明：超细粉的表面积到达227.54 m2·kg -1，D97=63.8 μm。化学成分分析结果表明：“闽紫96”超细粉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖、灰分及多糖含量分别为4.2 g·100g-1、10.84 g·100g-1、3.71 g·100g-1、36.5 g·100g-1、30.2 g·100g-1、1.7 g·100g-1和1.3 g·100g-1；其17种氨基酸总量为9.30 mg·100mg-1，其中必需氨基酸占65.7%；其脂肪酸构成以油酸(45.5%)、亚油酸(27.7%)及棕榈酸(18.8%)为主。此外，其重金属元素Pb,As,Hg,Cd等含量分别为<0.2 mg·g-1、0.13 mg·g-1、0.072 mg·g-1、0.24 mg·g-1，符合国家商务部《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》 (WM/T2~2004)要求。 |
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【ABSTRACT】 |
“Minzi 96” strain was succeedly domesticate from the wild Zhizi resource (Sect. Phaeonema in Subgen. Ganoderma) in Fujian province, and was officially identified as Ganoderma sinense J.D.Zhao,L.W.Hsu et X.Q.Zhng(with exemplar number HAMS 77207), that is accorded with the statutory origin of Lingzhi (GANODERMA)medicinal material in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Ch.P.). The strain have been applied to log~cultivatuion with alburnum, and on a massive in 2004 and 2005. And the popularizes scale and the culticated yield were respectively 860 m-3 (mycelia~colonized wood-logs, 1m3 equal to 1100kg), and the average yield (in primary year) could reach to 12.70 kg·m-3(dry fruitbodies). The fruitbodies have moderate size, with 7~9 cm×10~17.3 cm pileus, while most of the basdiospores were plumpy and intact, with a size of 6.84–7.37 μm×10.26~11.05 μm. The fruitbodies were processed into ultrafine-powder(through Φ300 R40/3 sieve, GB/T6003.2-1997) by cryogenic vibration mill at low temperature. The micro~morphology of ultrafine~powder were fiber~form, and the structure of context hyphae were disintegrated into fragments, with a length of 10~50μm, diameter of 1.2 μm~4.5 μm, observed by scnning electron microscope(SEM). And the granularity were tested by Laser grain~size analysis, that specific surface area (BET)was 227.54 m2·kg-1,and the cumulative distribution data D97 was 63.8 μm(equivalent grain-size). The analytic results showed that content of moisture, crude protein, fat, crube fiber, total carbohydrate,ash and polysaccharide in the ultrafine-powder were 4.2 g·100g-1,10.84 g·100g-1, 3.71g·100g-1,36.5 g·100g-1,18.4 g·100g-1,1.7g·100g-1 and 1.3 g·100g-1 respectively. Total content of seventeen kinds of amino acids was 9.30 mg·100mg-1, and the ratio of essential amino acids were 65.7%. The fatty acid composition includes oleic acid(C18:1, 45.5%), linoleic acid(C18:2, 27.7%), palmitic acid(C16:0, 18.8%) and others, nonsaturated fatty acids made up the majories. Moreover, the content of heavy metal elememts Pb,As,Cd and Hg were less than 0.2 μg·g-1, 0.13 μg·g-1, 0.072 μg·g-1 and 0.24 μg·g-1 respectively, that were coincided the hygienic standard of Green standards of medicinal plants and preparations for foreign trade and economy(WM/T2-2004, promulgated by Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China). |
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【中文摘要】 |
为了进一步开发和利用菌物里的膳食纤维资源，本文将作者本人与前人的研究成果进行综述，包括膳食纤维的概念、生理活性和分析方法、及菌物里膳食纤维的化学组成、开发和利用等方面内容。结果表明，菌物作为膳食纤维开发和利用的新的潜在资源。 |
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【ABSTRACT】 |
To further develop and use the resource of dietary fiber in mushrooms. According to the results of prior and author paper |
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